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Chief Justice’s ‘Cockroach’ Taunt Created a New Political Force in India "Cockroach Janta Party"
World

Chief Justice’s ‘Cockroach’ Taunt Created a New Political Force in India “Cockroach Janta Party”

New Delhi, May 22, 2026 – In a stunning display of digital-age activism, the Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) has emerged as one of the most talked-about political phenomena in India. What began as a tongue-in-cheek response to controversial remarks by Chief Justice Surya Kant has ballooned into a massive youth movement boasting millions of followers across social media platforms within days of its launch. Founded on May 16, 2026, by Abhijeet Dipke, a 30-year-old Boston University student and former Aam Aadmi Party strategist, the CJP cleverly reclaims the “cockroach” label thrust upon frustrated unemployed youth. The party’s motto – “Voice of the Lazy & Unemployed” – and its playful eligibility criteria (unemployed, lazy, chronically online, and professional ranters) have struck a chord with millions of young Indians grappling with joblessness, education scams, and systemic neglect. The spark came on May 15 when Chief Justice Surya Kant reportedly referred to certain agitators as “cockroaches” attacking the system. Though the judge later clarified he targeted fraudsters, the remark ignited widespread outrage among youth already battling 40% graduate unemployment rates and scandals like the NEET-UG paper leak. Dipke seized the moment, launching a Google Form and social media handles that quickly amassed over 10-15 million Instagram followers, reportedly surpassing even the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in some metrics. The party’s platform blends sharp satire with serious demands. It calls for free world-class education, universal healthcare, clean air, and accountability for ministers like Dharmendra Pradhan over examination irregularities. Rejecting traditional “freebie” politics, the CJP manifesto emphasizes investments in productivity, skill development, and transparent governance. Its ideology is described as secular, socialist, democratic, and proudly “lazy” – a jab at stereotypes labeling youth as unmotivated. Social media has been flooded with memes, satirical videos, and protest anthems featuring cockroach symbols. The movement’s X (formerly Twitter) handle faced temporary withholding in India, only to return stronger with new accounts and the defiant slogan “Cockroaches Are Back.” This censorship attempt has further boosted its popularity, with supporters viewing it as proof of establishment fear. Political reactions have been swift and divided. Opposition figures and activists like Prashant Bhushan have praised the CJP for channeling genuine youth anger. Meanwhile, BJP leaders have dismissed it as an opposition-backed gimmick aimed at destabilizing the government. Some analysts question the founder’s background and US location, while others see it as authentic grassroots frustration. Despite being unregistered and satirical, the CJP shows signs of evolving beyond memes. Virtual rallies, policy discussions, and membership drives suggest a desire for real impact ahead of future elections. Critics warn that sustaining momentum without formal structure will be challenging, but supporters argue its strength lies in staying decentralized and humorous. As India’s youth unemployment crisis deepens and living costs rise, the Cockroach Janta Party represents more than a joke – it has become a powerful outlet for a generation demanding to be heard. Whether it fades as another viral trend or transforms Indian politics remains to be seen, but for now, the cockroaches are marching loudly.

Faysal Bank Named Among World’s Best Islamic Banks at 2026 Global Awards
Breaking News

Faysal Bank Named Among World’s Best Islamic Banks at 2026 Global Awards

Karachi, 22nd May 2026: Faysal Bank Limited (FBL), Pakistan’s Best Islamic bank, has secured multiple accolades at the Global Islamic Finance Innovation Awards 2026, hosted by The Digital Banker, reinforcing its position as a leading Islamic Bank on the global stage. Competing with institutions from across international markets, the Bank’s success highlights Pakistan’s growing presence in the global Islamic finance industry. Read More: https://theboardroompk.com/mecom-gas-considers-ipo-to-build-lpg-storage-facility-in-pakistan/ The recognition reflects FBL’s strong focus on innovation, customer-centricity, and Shariah-compliant excellence, with the Bank winning awards across key categories including digital innovation, mobile banking, client-centric on-boarding solutions, Islamic consumer and deposit products, financial inclusion initiatives, investment banking, and risk management. These wins underscore FBL’s ability to deliver forward-thinking solutions that consistently meet evolving customer needs. Commenting on the achievement, Mr. Yousaf Hussain, President & CEO of Faysal Bank Limited, said, “We are honoured to receive this global recognition, which underscores our commitment to innovation and excellence in Islamic banking. These awards reflect the dedication of our teams and our focus on shaping the future of Islamic finance by driving innovation, promoting financial inclusion, and creating lasting value for our customers and communities.” These international accolades further strengthen Faysal Bank’s reputation as a progressive and globally competitive institution. As the Bank continues its transformation journey, it remains focused on accelerating digitalisation, enhancing technology-driven customer experiences, and driving sustainable growth in the evolving landscape of Islamic finance.

Mecom Gas Considers IPO to Build LPG Storage Facility in Pakistan
Pakistan

Mecom Gas Considers IPO to Build LPG Storage Facility in Pakistan

Mecom Gas Pvt Ltd is considering launching a Mecom Gas IPO on the Pakistan Stock Exchange to raise $20 million for the construction of a new liquefied petroleum gas storage facility. According to a report by Bloomberg, the Pakistani LPG marketing and distribution company is currently in discussions with Arif Habib Ltd. regarding advisory services for the proposed initial public offering. Company Plans Major LPG Storage Expansion Mecom Gas imports liquefied petroleum gas from Middle Eastern countries and distributes it across Pakistan. Chief Executive Officer Kamran Afzal said the company plans to use IPO proceeds to develop 3,000 tons of LPG storage capacity. The proposed expansion comes at a time when Pakistan’s energy sector is facing mounting pressure due to regional instability and rising fuel costs. Kamran Afzal said increasing storage capacity would help stabilize supply and reduce the impact of sharp price fluctuations in the local LPG market. Pakistan Energy Sector Under Pressure According to the report, Pakistan’s energy sector is experiencing growing challenges linked to the ongoing conflict involving Iran. Pakistan relies heavily on Gulf countries for oil and gas imports, making the country vulnerable to international market disruptions and geopolitical tensions. The country also continues to face balance of payments pressure as rising import costs increase economic strain. Recent data showed Pakistan’s current account returned to deficit in April after a surge in imports driven mainly by higher global oil prices. LPG Prices Double in Six Months Kamran Afzal stated that Pakistan’s LPG sector is also dealing with serious supply disruptions and rising prices. According to the CEO, LPG prices in Pakistan have doubled during the last six months due to international market uncertainty and regional conflict. He explained that expanding storage facilities has become increasingly important to manage supply risks and protect the market from sudden price shocks. Kamran Afzal added that Pakistan’s LPG storage capacity needs to more than double to create adequate reserves for the country. IPO Could Support Energy Security Industry analysts believe the Mecom Gas IPO could strengthen private sector investment in Pakistan’s energy infrastructure at a time when energy security remains a major concern. Additional storage capacity may help reduce short term supply shortages and improve the country’s ability to manage fluctuations in imported fuel prices. The development also highlights increasing interest among Pakistani energy firms in raising capital through the stock market for long term infrastructure projects.

Stanford, MIT Scientists Create Solar Powered Device Producing Water From Air
Tech

Stanford, MIT Scientists Create Solar Powered Device Producing Water From Air

Researchers from Stanford University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have developed a breakthrough solar powered water system capable of extracting drinking water directly from the atmosphere using sunlight. The innovative technology could offer a practical solution for water shortages in dry and water stressed regions where access to clean drinking water remains limited. How the Solar Powered Water System Works At the center of the new system is a sponge like hydrogel made from lithium chloride and polyacrylamide. The material absorbs moisture from the air during cooler conditions and later releases the trapped vapor when exposed to sunlight. Researchers explained that solar heat triggers the release process. The vapor then condenses into liquid water that can be collected and used for drinking purposes. The technology relies entirely on solar energy, removing the need for electricity intensive water extraction methods. Durability Problem Finally Addressed Atmospheric water harvesting has been studied for years, but long term durability remained one of the biggest challenges preventing large scale use. Earlier versions of similar hydrogel systems began degrading after repeated solar exposure. Previous models reportedly survived only around 30 heating cycles before their performance declined significantly. Scientists discovered that the metal surface supporting the hydrogel reacted under continuous sunlight exposure. Those reactions gradually damaged the material and reduced efficiency over time. To solve the issue, researchers introduced a protective anti corrosion coating to block harmful reactions. The improvement dramatically increased the lifespan of the system. During testing, the upgraded solar powered water system successfully completed more than 190 solar driven cycles without noticeable degradation. Researchers said the system maintained stability over several months of continuous testing. Desert Testing Shows Promising Results Field trials were carried out in harsh desert environments where strong sunlight improved the performance of the system. Scientists noted that solar energy performs most of the work in both capturing moisture and releasing water from the hydrogel. Under current conditions, a single panel approximately the size of a bath towel can produce nearly two liters of drinking water per day. Researchers are now working to increase output levels to around five liters daily, which could make the technology more useful for rural communities, disaster relief operations, and emergency humanitarian situations. Potential Low Cost Water Solution The research team believes the technology could become an affordable water production method if manufactured on a larger scale. According to estimates shared by the scientists, the cost of generating water through this process could eventually fall below one cent per liter. Such pricing could make atmospheric water harvesting a viable solution for regions struggling with drought, climate change, and limited freshwater resources. Study Published in Nature Communications The findings were published in Nature Communications, highlighting growing global interest in technologies designed to extract water directly from the atmosphere. Despite the promising results, researchers cautioned that the solar powered water system is still in the experimental stage and not yet ready for widespread commercial deployment. However, experts believe the latest breakthrough represents major progress toward solving one of the field’s most persistent problems. The improved durability of the hydrogel system could help move atmospheric water harvesting closer to real world use in some of the planet’s driest regions.

Govt Increases LNG Prices by Up to 28 Percent for May
Editor pick

Govt Increases LNG Prices by Up to 28 Percent for May

The government of Pakistan has increased Pakistan LNG prices by up to 28 percent for the month of May, according to an official notification issued on Thursday. The revised rates will apply to consumers connected to both the Sui Northern and Sui Southern gas distribution systems during the current billing cycle. Officials said the increase reflects changes in international energy markets and higher supply costs associated with imported liquefied natural gas. LNG Prices Revised for Sui Northern and Sui Southern Under the latest revision, LNG prices for the Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited system have increased by $3.43 per million British thermal units (MMBtu). The new rate for Sui Northern consumers has been fixed at $16.98 per MMBtu. Meanwhile, consumers connected to the Sui Southern Gas Company network will face an increase of $3.51 per MMBtu. The revised LNG rate for Sui Southern has been set at $16.04 per MMBtu. The notification confirmed that the updated rates would remain effective throughout the current billing period. International Market Trends Behind Increase Officials stated that the rise in Pakistan LNG prices is linked to fluctuations in international energy markets and variations in supply costs for imported LNG. Pakistan heavily relies on imported LNG to meet domestic gas demand, especially during periods of high industrial and household consumption. Global fuel prices and shipping costs continue to impact local energy tariffs. Energy analysts say higher LNG import costs could increase pressure on industries and commercial consumers already dealing with rising utility expenses. Pakistan Receives Two LNG Cargoes from Qatar Earlier this month, Pakistan received two LNG cargoes from Qatar within a single week as part of ongoing energy cooperation between the two countries. According to reports, LNG carrier MV Al Kharaitiyat arrived at Port Qasim carrying more than 95,000 tons of Qatari liquefied natural gas. Another LNG tanker, Mihzem, also anchored at Port Qasim with 56,573 metric tons of LNG cargo from Qatar. Sources familiar with the matter said the shipments are part of a government to government agreement under which Qatar supplies LNG to Pakistan. Officials added that two additional LNG tankers carrying Qatari gas are expected to arrive in Pakistan in the coming days. Pakistan Discusses LNG Transit Route with Iran Pakistan has also been holding discussions with Iran regarding safe passage for LNG tankers through the Strait of Hormuz amid regional tensions and supply concerns. According to sources quoted in international reports, Islamabad requested Tehran’s assistance to facilitate the movement of LNG vessels because of Pakistan’s urgent gas requirements. Sources said Iran agreed to cooperate and both countries are coordinating safe transit arrangements for LNG shipments linked to Pakistan’s agreement with Qatar. Qatar Remains Key LNG Supplier Qatar remains Pakistan’s primary LNG supplier and is also one of the world’s largest exporters of liquefied natural gas. Most Qatari LNG exports are shipped to Asian markets, including Pakistan, China, Japan, and South Korea. Pakistan’s long term LNG agreements with Qatar continue to play a critical role in maintaining energy supplies for domestic consumers and industries.

Saad Edhi Among 430 Volunteers Released After Gaza Aid Mission Detention
Pakistan

Saad Edhi Among 430 Volunteers Released After Gaza Aid Mission Detention

Pakistani humanitarian activist Saad Edhi and 430 international volunteers associated with the Global Sumud Flotilla have been released after being detained by Israeli forces during a humanitarian mission aimed at delivering aid to Gaza. According to reports, Saad Edhi and other volunteers were transferred to Türkiye following their release from Israeli custody. The humanitarian workers were reportedly deported by Israeli authorities after their detention at sea. Ishaq Dar Confirms Saad Edhi’s Release Deputy Prime Minister Ishaq Dar confirmed that Saad Edhi had been released after what he described as illegal detention by Israeli occupation forces. In a statement shared on X, Ishaq Dar said the Pakistani government made concerted diplomatic efforts to secure the release of the humanitarian workers. He added that Saad Edhi and the other detained volunteers safely arrived in Istanbul after being released from custody. Global Sumud Flotilla Was Carrying Aid to Gaza The 430 volunteers, including Saad Edhi, were travelling aboard the Global Sumud Flotilla to deliver humanitarian assistance to civilians in Gaza. The mission aimed to transport relief supplies to Palestinians affected by the ongoing humanitarian crisis in the besieged territory. According to organisers, the aid convoy departed from Marmaris in Türkiye on May 14, 2026. More than 500 humanitarian workers and volunteers from different countries participated in the mission. Saad Edhi was representing the Edhi Foundation during the international humanitarian campaign. Activists Claim Israeli Forces Used Force Human rights organisation Adalah stated that Israeli authorities detained the humanitarian workers before deporting them. Moments before his detention, Saad Edhi reportedly released an emergency video statement from the vessel. The footage allegedly showed Israeli forces carrying out operations against the aid mission at sea. The Edhi Foundation and international volunteers described the flotilla as a peaceful humanitarian effort aimed at helping Palestinian civilians. Activists claimed Israeli forces used force to intercept the convoy and detain the aid workers despite the non military nature of the mission. Humanitarian Concerns Over Gaza Continue The interception of the Global Sumud Flotilla comes amid growing international concern over the humanitarian situation in Gaza. Aid organisations have repeatedly called for unrestricted humanitarian access to civilians facing shortages of food, medicine, fuel, and medical supplies. Human rights groups and international activists continue to demand safe humanitarian corridors for relief missions heading toward Gaza. The release of Saad Edhi and other volunteers has drawn widespread attention in Pakistan and among humanitarian organisations globally.

QR Code Electricity Bill Scam Alert Issued by Power Division
Pakistan

QR Code Electricity Bill Scam Alert Issued by Power Division

The Ministry of Energy’s Power Division has issued a nationwide warning about a growing QR code electricity bill scam targeting electricity consumers across Pakistan. Officials said cybercriminals are attempting to misuse the newly introduced QR code verification system by creating fake subsidy registration links and stealing personal information from users. According to the Power Division, hackers and fraudsters are misleading consumers by pretending to offer government subsidy registration services. Authorities warned that several fraudulent campaigns are circulating online and through unofficial platforms to trap people into sharing sensitive data. Power Division Warns Consumers About Fraud A spokesperson for the Power Division said malicious actors are exploiting public awareness regarding the new QR code registration system introduced for electricity bill subsidies. These individuals reportedly ask consumers to click on suspicious links and complete a fake verification process. Officials explained that consumers are guided through a four step procedure in which they are asked to enter personal details. After providing information, users are allegedly instructed to submit a six digit verification code on the same fraudulent platform. The spokesperson strongly warned consumers against entering any information on unofficial websites, social media links, or paper based forms claiming to offer subsidy registration services. Authorities clarified that all legitimate verification procedures are connected only to the official QR code printed directly on electricity bills issued by distribution companies. Personal Information at Risk The Power Division emphasized that the QR code electricity bill scam is designed to steal personal and financial information from citizens. Cybercriminals may misuse the stolen data for illegal activities, including identity theft and financial fraud. Officials urged consumers to remain cautious and avoid sharing details such as CNIC numbers, mobile phone numbers, bank information, passwords, or verification codes with unknown individuals or websites. The spokesperson stated that law enforcement agencies have already been informed about the fraudulent activities. Authorities are reportedly working to identify those involved in the scam and prevent further exploitation of electricity consumers. Consumers were also advised not to trust calls, text messages, WhatsApp messages, or social media advertisements claiming to provide fast track subsidy registration services. New QR Code Verification System Explained The federal government recently introduced a new QR code verification mechanism for subsidised electricity users. Under the updated system, consumers receiving government electricity subsidies must complete registration through the QR code printed on their monthly electricity bills. According to officials, consumers need to scan the QR code and complete the registration process through the official online portal linked to the bill. The government says the initiative aims to improve transparency and ensure that electricity subsidies reach deserving households, especially low income and protected consumers. Officials clarified that the registration process should not be misunderstood as an attempt to end electricity subsidies. Subsidies for Protected Consumers Will Continue The Power Division reassured the public that subsidies for low electricity consuming households are not being removed. Instead, the registration system has been introduced to improve targeting and prevent misuse of government relief programs. “This registration process is only intended to ensure that relief reaches poor and low electricity consuming households,” the spokesperson said. Officials further stated that the system would help authorities identify genuine beneficiaries and improve accountability in the distribution of subsidies. The clarification came after concerns spread on social media suggesting that the government planned to discontinue subsidies for protected consumers. Consumers Asked to Use Only Official Channels The Power Division advised consumers to use only official channels linked directly to their electricity bills for QR code registration. Citizens were urged to avoid clicking on unknown links or scanning QR codes shared through social media platforms, emails, or messaging applications. Officials said awareness among consumers is essential to prevent online fraud and protect sensitive personal information. The ministry also encouraged consumers to report suspicious messages and fraudulent subsidy offers to relevant authorities immediately.

Pakistan to Build Strategic Oil Buffers with Gulf Partners at Gwadar
Pakistan

Pakistan to Build Strategic Oil Buffers with Gulf Partners at Gwadar

Pakistan is moving forward with plans to establish strategic oil reserves in an upcoming Energy City at Gwadar Port. This initiative aims to enhance national energy security by inviting oil-producing nations to build crude oil buffers. Read More: https://theboardroompk.com/ecc-membership-expanded-as-pm-shehbaz-includes-khalid-maqbool-siddiqui/ Strategic Partnerships with Gulf Nations The government is actively engaging countries like Kuwait and Saudi Arabia for investment in these reserves. Kuwait has already shown strong interest in the project.Energy Security in Emergencies In case of crises such as war or supply disruptions, Pakistan will have priority access to these stored reserves. This setup will provide a reliable backup for domestic needs. The plan marks a shift from an earlier stalled oil city concept at Gwadar. Officials are now focusing on a broader Energy City that will include LNG and LPG terminals alongside oil storage facilities. A high-level committee is identifying suitable sites in Balochistan for new ports and the Energy City location. This comprehensive approach aims to boost Pakistan’s role as a regional energy hub. Federal Minister for Maritime Affairs Muhammad Junaid Anwar Chaudhry recently invited the Kuwaiti Ambassador to explore investment opportunities. Discussions covered fuel storage, bonded terminals, and port infrastructure projects.The minister highlighted Pakistan’s potential in logistics and energy transit. He proposed rental-based bonded storage facilities to support regional trade flows. Reviving Saudi Interest Pakistan is also hopeful about renewed engagement with Saudi Arabia following a recent defence pact. Earlier plans for a Saudi oil refinery at Gwadar had slowed down. The Pakistan Maritime Energy City (PMEC) initiative will cater to both domestic and international storage needs. It forms part of the government’s long-term “Hundred Years Vision 2047-2147”. A 12-member multi-agency committee is working on site selection for new deep-sea ports. This will strengthen maritime infrastructure along the coastline. Experts believe these reserves will reduce vulnerability to global oil supply shocks. The project could attract significant foreign investment and create jobs in Balochistan. Pakistan has already demonstrated its capability in handling transshipment cargo amid regional tensions. Officials aim to leverage this momentum for energy logistics. The government is consulting provincial stakeholders before finalizing plans. This inclusive approach seeks to ensure smooth implementation of the Energy City project.

Pakistan's FX Reserves Surge to $22.6 Billion on IMF and Panda Bond Inflows
Pakistan

Pakistan’s FX Reserves Surge to $22.6 Billion on IMF and Panda Bond Inflows

Pakistan’s foreign exchange reserves recorded a strong recovery in mid-May 2026, with total liquid reserves reaching $22.6 billion, reflecting a notable improvement in the country’s external financial position. Read More: https://theboardroompk.com/ecc-membership-expanded-as-pm-shehbaz-includes-khalid-maqbool-siddiqui/ According to the State Bank of Pakistan, the central bank’s reserves increased by $1.214 billion during the week ended May 15, taking total SBP reserves to $17.081 billion. The increase was primarily supported by disbursements received from the International Monetary Fund under the Extended Fund Facility and Resilience and Sustainability Facility. The reserves were also strengthened by proceeds from Pakistan’s inaugural Panda Bond issued in the Chinese market. Meanwhile, commercial banks held approximately $5.5 billion in reserves, contributing to the country’s total liquid reserves of $22.6 billion. The improvement in reserves is expected to reduce immediate pressure on Pakistan’s external account and provide greater flexibility in managing import payments and external debt obligations over the coming months. Analysts believe the development sends a positive signal regarding foreign exchange market stability, although dependence on external financing and borrowings remains a concern due to ongoing debt servicing requirements. The Pakistani rupee also showed relative stability in the interbank market, gaining slightly to close at Rs278.55 against the US dollar. Analysts say stronger reserve buffers could improve investor confidence and support future negotiations with international lenders and financial institutions. Market experts noted that fluctuations in global commodity prices are likely to continue influencing reserve movements in the coming months. Despite weakness in international markets, gold prices in Pakistan rose sharply due to domestic market adjustments. Higher reserves have also improved Pakistan’s import cover ratio, a key indicator for sustaining economic activity in an import-dependent economy. Experts emphasized that while multilateral inflows have provided short-term relief, long-term foreign exchange stability will depend on sustained growth in exports and remittances.

ECC Membership Expanded as PM Shehbaz Includes Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui
Pakistan

ECC Membership Expanded as PM Shehbaz Includes Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui

Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif on Thursday approved an increase in ECC membership by including Federal Minister for Education Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui in the Cabinet’s Economic Coordination Committee. The move comes as the government continues efforts to strengthen economic decision making and coordination at the federal level. According to an official statement, the prime minister expressed confidence that Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui would actively participate in the committee’s work and contribute toward national development and economic progress. “I am hopeful that Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui will play an active role as a member of the ECC and will make his full contribution toward the development of the country and the nation,” the prime minister said. ECC Holds Key Role in Economic Decisions The Economic Coordination Committee remains one of the most influential cabinet bodies in Pakistan. The committee handles major economic and financial matters and reviews urgent policy decisions before they receive formal approval from the federal cabinet. The ECC membership includes senior federal ministers and top government officials linked to finance, trade, energy, planning, and economic affairs. The committee works as a fast track platform for addressing pressing economic challenges facing the country. Officials say the body plays a central role in decisions related to subsidies, import policies, energy pricing, financial approvals, and economic reforms. Finance Minister Usually Chairs ECC Meetings The committee operates under the federal cabinet and is generally chaired by the Finance Minister. However, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif may chair meetings when necessary, especially during periods of major economic importance or policy discussions. The addition of Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui is being viewed as an effort to broaden representation within the committee and strengthen coordination between different ministries. Government officials believe expanding ECC membership can improve policy consultation and help ministries work more closely on economic priorities linked to education, development, and public welfare. Government Focuses on Economic Stability The development comes at a time when Pakistan continues to face economic challenges linked to inflation, fiscal reforms, and global financial uncertainty. The government has recently increased efforts to stabilise the economy through policy reforms and coordination with international financial institutions. Analysts say decisions taken by the ECC directly influence economic management and investor confidence. The committee’s role has become increasingly important as Pakistan works on fiscal planning, development projects, and economic recovery measures. The latest inclusion in the ECC membership reflects the government’s attempt to strengthen institutional participation in economic governance and decision making.

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