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PSO Announces Appointment of Jawwad Ahmed Cheema as CEO
Pakistan

PSO Announces Appointment of Jawwad Ahmed Cheema as CEO

Pakistan State Oil Company Limited (PSO) has formally notified the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) that its Board of Management has appointed Mr. Jawwad Ahmed Cheema as Chief Executive Officer for a three-year term, effective 18 May 2026. Read More: https://theboardroompk.com/psctf-delegation-visit-federation-of-pakistan-chambers-of-commerce-and-industry-in-karachi/ Cheema succeeds Abdus Sami, who serves as interim CEO. A distinguished C-suite executive, Cheema brings over 28 years of experience in the downstream energy sector, including nearly two decades in corporate leadership roles spanning five countries across Asia-Pacific, Europe, and South Asia. His career covers the full downstream value chain retail fuels, lubricants, storage infrastructure, supply chain management, strategy, and international portfolio management with a consistent thread of strategic transformation, business turnaround, and large-scale organisational change running through every assignment. The centerpiece of his career is a 26-year tenure with Royal Dutch Shell, one of the world’s largest energy majors, during which he rose from frontline retail operations in Pakistan to the most senior levels of Shell’s global leadership, progressing through Indonesia, Singapore, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom each assignment representing a substantive expansion of scope, complexity, and accountability. As Managing Director and CEO of Shell Pakistan Limited, he successfully steered one of the country’s most prominent publicly listed energy companies through a period of significant strategic and operational transformation in one of the region’s most complex and fast-evolving energy markets. In subsequent international roles, Mr. Cheema served as Vice President of Strategy & Portfolio at Shell International B.V. in The Hague, where he directed global downstream infrastructure portfolio strategy across multiple continents, delivering significant enterprise value through network optimisation, asset rationalisation, and supply chain reconfiguration. As Vice President of Shell Business Operations in Singapore, he transformed Shell’s global business process outsourcing function, driving large-scale workforce expansion and operational consolidation across a global network. Earlier, as Strategy & Management Consultancy Manager, he led business turnarounds, divestments, new market entries, and integrated downstream reviews across Asia-Pacific. Mr. Cheema’s expertise also extends to high-growth market entries, most notably as General Manager leading Shell’s end-to-end retail fuels entry into Indonesia a complex, fast-growing emerging market. Most recently, he served as CEO of Karachi Hydrocarbon Terminal (KHT), a strategic joint venture under the VTTI B.V. portfolio, managing Pakistan’s primary petroleum import and distribution terminal at Port Qasim. Beyond executive leadership, Mr. Cheema has exercised significant governance authority as Chairman of the Board of Shell Pakistan Limited and as a Director on the boards of Pakistan Refinery Limited (PRL) and Pakistan Arab Pipeline Company (PAPCO) the most strategically significant nodes of Pakistan’s downstream infrastructure. With a rare combination of commercial sharpness, strategic clarity, and the operational discipline to execute at scale in complex, regulated, and politically sensitive energy environments, Mr. Cheema stands as a leader shaped by the most rigorous global standards and deeply rooted in the realities of Pakistan’s energy landscape.

FitsAir Launches Direct Colombo–Lahore Route, Strengthening Pakistan–Sri Lanka Connectivity
Pakistan

FitsAir Launches Direct Colombo–Lahore Route, Strengthening Pakistan–Sri Lanka Connectivity

KARACHI: Sri Lanka’s FitsAir has officially entered Pakistan’s aviation market, launching its first direct flight between Colombo and Lahore, aviation officials confirmed. Read More: https://theboardroompk.com/bingx-futures-grid-expands-to-gold-silver-and-oil-bringing-automated-precision-to-macro-trading/ The inaugural flight, 8D-981, touched down at Allama Iqbal International Airport on Saturday evening at 8:35 p.m., carrying 134 passengers and marking the airline’s debut in the country. The new route is expected to improve travel links and provide more convenient options between Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Passengers were warmly welcomed upon arrival with flowers, while airport authorities organized a celebratory cake-cutting ceremony to mark the occasion. The return flight, 8D-982, later departed for Colombo at 9:40 p.m. with 66 passengers on board. Pakistan and Sri Lanka have maintained strong diplomatic and economic relations since their early years of independence, collaborating in areas such as trade, defense, and regional cooperation. Pakistan was among the first nations to recognize Sri Lanka and has consistently supported it, including during challenging periods like its civil conflict. Both countries are members of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and continue to align on regional stability and economic collaboration. Their partnership is further strengthened by a free trade agreement signed in 2005, promoting exchange in sectors like textiles, tea, rice, and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, both nations have aimed to deepen ties in aviation, tourism, and education, with enhanced air connectivity playing a vital role in boosting business and people-to-people engagement between the two economies.

UBL Hit Hardest as Bond Yields Trigger Massive Book Value Losses
Breaking News, Business

UBL Hit Hardest as Bond Yields Trigger Massive Book Value Losses

Karachi: Pakistan’s banking sector faces heightened risks from sharply rising government bond yields, which analysts warn could largely wipe out revaluation surpluses on banks’ balance sheets in the March 2026 quarter. Read More: https://theboardroompk.com/bingx-futures-grid-expands-to-gold-silver-and-oil-bringing-automated-precision-to-macro-trading/ According to a report by Optimus Capital Management, the sector-wide revaluation losses could exceed PKR 600 billion in a single quarter, driven by increased reliance on Open Market Operations (OMO) for government financing, concentrated exposures on select bank sheets, and a higher share of floating-rate bonds. The report estimates that OMO now finances around 24% of domestic debt, with floating-rate bonds (PIBs) making up over 50% of total debt — up from 36% in December 2021. This shift has introduced meaningful spread duration risk. An assumed 150 basis points rise in secondary market bond yields and a 45 bps widening in PIB floater spreads (from 55 bps to 100 bps) between December 2025 and March 2026 underpin the projections. Key Impacts Highlighted: Surplus largely wiped out: Revaluation surpluses accumulated during lower-yield periods are expected to be exhausted, potentially eroding CET-1 capital ratios for some banks if yields rise further. While the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) has historically provided regulatory relief, banks with heavier exposures may face pressure on dividend payouts. Profitability largely insulated: No material hit to core earnings is anticipated beyond normal lagged repricing effects. Banks typically benefit from higher rates with a lag through improved net interest margins. Uneven exposure: United Bank Limited (UBL) stands out as the most vulnerable, with an estimated post-tax book value hit of PKR 117 billion. It is followed by Habib Bank Limited (HBL) at PKR 54 billion and National Bank of Pakistan (NBP) at PKR 45 billion. In contrast, banks like MCB, BAHL, BAFL, MEBL, and FABL appear relatively resilient due to lower fixed-income exposure and shorter duration profiles. The report breaks down losses into floating-rate and fixed-rate components. Fixed bonds held by HBL, UBL, and NBP could see 4-5% price drops, while floating bonds show price declines of 1.0-2.25% depending on maturities. UBL exhibits the highest spread duration risk. On the positive side, banks with stronger current account franchises relative to fixed-bond holdings (such as BAHL, AKBL, MEBL, MCB, FABL, and BAFL) are better positioned for earlier recovery as rates stabilize or rise further. Sector Outlook Remains Cautious but Manageable The situation is fluid, but potential SBP support could limit the damage to balance sheet adjustments and regulatory ratios rather than core profitability. The Optimus report maintains a Neutral stance on the commercial banking sector overall. This development comes amid ongoing government borrowing pressures and recent PIB auctions where yields have continued to climb. Market participants note that while revaluation hits are unrealized for now, sustained yield elevation could test capital buffers more broadly. Analysts emphasize that the banking sector’s strong underlying earnings momentum from prior rate environments should help absorb the shock, but vigilance on duration management and liquidity remains key.

Sindh Govt Exempts Dairy Shops from Timings, Farmers Welcome Move
Pakistan

Sindh Govt Exempts Dairy Shops from Timings, Farmers Welcome Move

The Sindh government has announced a major relief measure for dairy shops, exempting them from operating hour restrictions under its austerity policy. The decision aims to ensure uninterrupted milk supply across the province while addressing the long-standing concerns of farmers, retailers, and consumers who rely on daily access to fresh milk. The move comes through a formal notification issued under the direction of Chief Minister Syed Murad Ali Shah and the provincial Home Department. Authorities have allowed dairy businesses to continue operations without time limits, recognizing the essential nature of milk in everyday consumption. Government Decision Eases Industry Pressure The Dairy and Cattle Farmers Association (DCFA) Pakistan has strongly welcomed the decision. In an official statement, the association praised the Sindh government for understanding the operational challenges faced by the dairy sector. Shakir Umar Gujjar, Central President of DCFA Pakistan, said the exemption would significantly benefit dairy shops that struggled under restricted operating hours. He noted that milk distribution requires flexibility, as delays can lead to spoilage and financial losses. He added that farmers and retailers had been demanding such relief for months. The new policy, he said, reflects the government’s responsiveness to ground realities. Milk Supply and Public Convenience Milk remains a staple in Pakistani households. It is consumed multiple times a day in homes, restaurants, and tea stalls. Any disruption in availability can affect daily routines and business operations. By allowing dairy shops to operate without restrictions, the government has ensured that consumers can access fresh milk at any time. This step is particularly important in urban areas where demand continues late into the night. Experts say that milk’s perishable nature requires continuous movement through the supply chain. Flexible business hours help maintain quality and reduce waste. Farmers Face Ongoing Challenges Before this policy shift, dairy farmers were facing multiple challenges. Rising feed costs, fuel prices, and transportation issues had already strained their operations. Limited timings forced farmers to rush deliveries to dairy shops, often resulting in inefficiencies. In many cases, unsold milk had to be discarded due to delays, leading to significant financial losses. Retailers also reported declining customer satisfaction. Consumers often complained about limited access during restricted hours. The exemption now allows smoother coordination between farmers and shopkeepers. Economic Boost for Dairy Sector The dairy sector is a vital part of Pakistan’s economy. It supports millions of livelihoods, especially in rural areas where livestock farming remains a primary source of income. Industry analysts believe the new policy will improve efficiency across the supply chain. With dairy shops operating freely, farmers can distribute milk more effectively, reducing wastage and increasing profitability. The decision is also expected to stabilize milk prices by ensuring consistent availability in the market. This will benefit both consumers and producers in the long run. Association Assures Full Cooperation The Dairy and Cattle Farmers Association has assured the government of its full support. In its statement, the association pledged to follow all regulations while maintaining quality standards. Shakir Umar Gujjar emphasized that the sector understands its responsibility toward consumers. He said stakeholders will continue to provide safe and hygienic milk products through dairy shops across the province. The association also highlighted the importance of ongoing dialogue between policymakers and industry representatives to address future challenges. A Step Toward Farmer-Friendly Policies The exemption has been widely seen as a positive step toward supporting agriculture and livestock sectors. Stakeholders have long called for policies that consider the unique needs of dairy farming. By removing restrictions on dairy shops, the Sindh government has acknowledged that essential commodities require special treatment. Experts suggest that similar measures should be adopted in other provinces to strengthen the national dairy industry. Expectations The DCFA expressed hope that the government will continue introducing farmer-friendly policies. It called for further initiatives to improve infrastructure, reduce production costs, and enhance market access. Stakeholders also expect better regulation of milk quality and pricing. They believe that consistent policies can create a more stable environment for growth. As economic pressures continue, targeted relief measures like this can help sustain essential industries. The dairy sector, which plays a crucial role in both rural livelihoods and urban consumption, stands to benefit greatly from this policy shift.

Pakistan Slashes Diesel by Over Rs134.8 per Liter and the Petrol Price by Rs11.8
Pakistan

Pakistan Slashes Diesel by Over Rs134.8 per Liter and the Petrol Price by Rs11.8

Pakistan government slashed petroleum prices on night between Friday and Saturday, with high-speed diesel cut by over Rs134.8 per liter and the petrol price by Rs11.8, as easing global oil pressures linked to a fragile Middle East ceasefire begin to filter into domestic fuel markets. Read More: https://theboardroompk.com/after-us-iran-successful-ceasefire-lebanon-seeks-pakistans-help-to-halt-israeli-strikes/ The Ministry of Energy (Petroleum Division) said the new prices will take effect from April 11, lowering high-speed diesel (HSD) to Rs385.54 per liter from Rs520.35, while petrol (motor spirit) was reduced to Rs366.58 from Rs378.41. FPCCI Welcomes Swift Rs 134.81 Reduction in Diesel Prices* *Calls it Indispensable for Export Competitiveness Karachi: Atif Ikram Sheikh, President of the Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FPCCI), has welcomed the federal government’s recent decision to slash high-speed diesel (HSD) prices by a massive Rs 134.81 per litre – as the apex body had strongly rejected the earlier disastrous increase on April 2 – and, profoundly advocated for the price rationalization of diesel and a protective mechanism for trade & industry. Atif Ikram Sheikh apprised that the apex trade body termed this steep reduction – bringing the HSD rate down from a crippling Rs 520.35 to Rs 385.54 per litre – a much-needed breather for trade, industry and the general public alike. FPCCI Chief also commended the Rs 11.83 per litre reduction in petrol prices (now at Rs 366.58) will provide supplementary relief across the supply chain – however, he maintained, FPCCI advocates further temporary reduction or suspension of Petroleum Development Levy (PDL) on petrol price until the regional oil markets stabilize. Mr. Atif Ikram Sheikh appreciated the government’s move, highlighting its positive ripple effect on the macroeconomy and the survival of Pakistan’s export-oriented sectors. When HSD crossed the Rs 520 mark, it threatened to stall our textile and manufacturing engines. Diesel is the backbone of our economy; directly fueling our transport; agriculture and manufacturing sectors, he added. Atif Ikram Sheikh explained that the relief will significantly reduce the exorbitant cost of doing business – potentially lowering production overheads by 5 – 10% for key industries and making our exports more competitive in the international market. We urge the government to maintain this momentum and cascade further global oil price benefits to the domestic industry as soon as possible. Mr. Saquib Fayyaz Magoon, SVP FPCCI, pointing out the immediate financial relief it provides to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) – and, the national logistics infrastructure as a whole. Mr. Saquib Fayyaz Magoon pointed out that logistics and freight charges have been crippling the supply chain across the country – with transport fares having recently spiked by as much as 60% during the fuel crisis. Bringing diesel down to Rs 385.54 per litre shall force a necessary correction in the transportation costs of raw materials and finished goods, he added. Mr. Abdul Mohamin Khan, VP & Regional Chairman Sindh, emphasized the specific benefits for the province’s economic landscape – particularly for the agriculture and heavy local manufacturing sectors. Mr. Abdul Mohaim Khan elaborated that Sindh is a major hub of Pakistan for both industrial output and agricultural yields. The previous fuel shock made crop sowing increasingly unviable and threatened massive losses ahead of the harvest season. This Rs 134.81 per litre reduction shall lower the operational costs for our farmers utilizing diesel-powered tractors; and, irrigation pumps – as well as for industries relying on heavy logistics originating from the ports of Karachi.

Saudi Arabia Pledges Financial Backing with Possible $5B Fresh Loan to Pakistan As UAE Withdraws
World

Saudi Arabia Pledges Financial Backing with Possible $5B Fresh Loan to Pakistan As UAE Withdraws

Saudi Arabia has assured Pakistan of complete financial support to tackle challenges arising from the Middle East conflict. Read More: https://theboardroompk.com/after-us-iran-successful-ceasefire-lebanon-seeks-pakistans-help-to-halt-israeli-strikes/ This timely help comes as Islamabad prepares to repay nearly $5 billion in external debt this month while struggling to stabilize its external accounts amid rising import costs. Strategic Meeting in Islamabad Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif held detailed talks with Saudi Finance Minister Mohammed bin Abdullah Al-Jadaan on Friday. The meeting was also attended by Deputy Prime Minister Ishaq Dar, Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb, Petroleum Minister Ali Pervaiz Malik, and Chief of Defence Forces Field Marshal Syed Asim Munir. No new specific financial proposals were finalized during the session. However, Pakistani officials had already discussed key requests with their Saudi counterparts two days earlier. Pakistan is seeking at least a $5 billion fresh loan and an extension of the $1.2 billion annual oil financing facility for another five years. The existing $5 billion Saudi cash deposit is also under review, with Islamabad hoping to double it to maintain comfortable foreign exchange reserves. Longstanding Fraternal Bonds The Saudi minister reaffirmed the kingdom’s full trust in Pakistan’s mediation role between the US and Iran. Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif conveyed warm regards to King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. He highlighted the kingdom’s consistent economic and financial assistance that has played a vital role in Pakistan’s stability over the years.The premier stressed that the people and government of Pakistan have always stood shoulder to shoulder with Saudi brothers and sisters. Both sides expressed commitment to further expand cooperation in trade, investment, and economic development. This assurance provides immediate relief as Pakistan repays $4.8 billion this month, including $3.5 billion to the UAE. Without fresh inflows, reserves could drop sharply to around $11.5 billion. The development also coincides with domestic relief measures, including voluntary surrender of windfall gains by local oil refineries passed on to consumers.

World Bank cuts Pakistan growth outlook to 3% amid Israel-US war on Iran
Editor pick, Pakistan

World Bank cuts Pakistan growth outlook to 3% amid Israel-US war on Iran

ISLAMABAD:The World Bank has revised Pakistan’s economic growth forecast downward to 3% for the current fiscal year, citing the adverse spillover effects of escalating tensions in the Middle East. Read More: https://theboardroompk.com/netanyahu-signals-war-with-iran-unfinished-business-despite-pak-mediated-ceasefire-backed-by-us/ War-driven economic pressures The lender reduced its earlier projection by 0.4 percentage points, warning that the ongoing regional conflict is likely to dampen Pakistan’s economic recovery. According to the report, higher global oil and energy prices triggered by the conflict are increasing import costs and adding pressure on the country’s external account. Pakistan’s current account is now projected to shift into a deficit of 1.2% of GDP, equivalent to around $4.9 billion, significantly higher than earlier official estimates. Inflation, remittances and fiscal risks The report also highlighted rising inflationary risks, projecting inflation at around 7.4% due to higher energy and commodity prices. Elevated fertiliser costs may further strain agricultural output, potentially leading to increased food prices in the coming months. Additionally, remittance inflows from Gulf countries could weaken as oil-dependent economies adjust to changing conditions, further impacting Pakistan’s external position. The World Bank warned that sustained high energy prices could force central banks to keep interest rates elevated for longer, slowing economic activity. Despite these challenges, GDP per capita is expected to grow modestly by 1.4%, indicating limited improvement in living standards. The downgrade underscores growing vulnerability in Pakistan’s economy as global uncertainties, particularly geopolitical tensions, continue to reshape macroeconomic prospects.

After US-Iran Successful Ceasefire, Lebanon seeks Pakistan’s help to halt Israeli strikes
Breaking News

After US-Iran Successful Ceasefire, Lebanon seeks Pakistan’s help to halt Israeli strikes

ISLAMABAD:Lebanon has sought Pakistan’s diplomatic support to bring an immediate halt to ongoing Israeli strikes, as violence escalates and civilian casualties mount across the region. Read More: https://theboardroompk.com/chery-master-pakistan-starts-early-deliveries-of-tiggo-8-phev/ Lebanon reaches out amid escalating conflict Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam contacted Shehbaz Sharif, urging Islamabad to play a role in ending the attacks targeting Lebanese territory and civilians. The request came following one of the deadliest waves of Israeli airstrikes, which caused widespread destruction and loss of life in Lebanon. During the conversation, Pakistan’s premier expressed deep concern over the humanitarian situation and reaffirmed the country’s commitment to promoting regional peace through diplomatic engagement. Pakistan has recently played a key role in facilitating dialogue between the United States and Iran, positioning itself as an active mediator in the broader Middle East crisis. Pakistan condemns attacks, urges global response Pakistan’s Foreign Office strongly condemned the Israeli strikes, calling them a violation of international law and humanitarian principles. In an official statement, Islamabad said the attacks have resulted in the loss of innocent lives and extensive infrastructure damage, undermining ongoing efforts for peace and stability in the region. The government urged the international community to take “urgent steps” to stop Israeli aggression and prevent further escalation. Pakistan also reiterated its “unwavering solidarity” with Lebanon, affirming support for its sovereignty, territorial integrity and right to peace. The latest developments highlight growing diplomatic pressure on global powers to intervene as the Middle East conflict widens, with fears of further instability if hostilities continue unchecked.

Netanyahu signals war with Iran ‘unfinished’ business, despite Pak-mediated ceasefire backed by US
Pakistan

Netanyahu signals war with Iran ‘unfinished’ business, despite Pak-mediated ceasefire backed by US

NEW YORK: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said that the war with Iran is not over and remains “unfinished business” as many of Israel’s objectives have not been achieved, according to a report in The New York Times. Following a Pakistan-brokered ceasefire that went into effect around April 7–8, 2026, he said in a televised address to Israeli public, that the “double existential threat” of Iran’s ballistic missiles and its nuclear programme has been “distanced,” he said, but not eliminated. The Times pointed out that his address was less about victory than unfinished business. “We still have goals to complete,” Netanyahu said, “and we will achieve them either by agreement or by the resumption of fighting.” He was speaking at the end of the deadliest day in Lebanon since the resumption of hostilities last month between Israel and Hezbollah fighters across Israel’s northern border. On Thursday, under international pressure to dial down the violence, Netanyahu said he had instructed his government to open talks with Lebanon “as soon as possible.” The negotiations would focus, he said, on establishing peaceful relations between Israel and Lebanon, and the disarmament of Hezbollah, which is also a significant political force in the country. Forty days after Israel and the United States launched their military offensive against Iran, life in Israel was getting back to normal, the Times said. “While Netanyahu and many other Israelis have praised the military’s accomplishments in downgrading their enemies’ capabilities, so far there have been no total victories or lasting diplomatic resolutions,” the Times commented. At the same time, it said, Netanyahu’s domestic political timetable is pressing, with elections due before the end of October.“914 days of war, over 2000 killed, tens of thousands wounded, 4 open fronts and — 0 decisive wins!” Avigdor Liberman, the leader of a right-wing Israeli opposition party, sniped on social media, tallying up the account on Israel’s side. The United States is now shifting its attention from the battlefield to negotiations with Iran. Israeli officials will not be in the room, adding to the sense of unease among the Israeli public. Israel and Pakistan, the mediating country that is hosting the talks, have no formal diplomatic relations. In the hours after President Trump announced the temporary cease-fire, the Israeli military bombarded Beirut and other areas and said it struck more than 100 Hezbollah targets within 10 minutes. More than 200 people were killed and more than 1,000 others were wounded in the strikes, according to the Lebanese authorities. “The timing may have been intended to demonstrate that Israel did not count Lebanon as part of the cease-fire understanding, or to get in a final salvo while it was still possible,” according to the Times. APP

Pakistan, Ethiopia Plan Trilateral Maritime Alliance; Africa Trade Boost Eyed
Pakistan

Pakistan, Ethiopia Plan Trilateral Maritime Alliance; Africa Trade Boost Eyed

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan and Ethiopia have agreed to explore the establishment of a trilateral maritime alliance, potentially involving Djibouti, to strengthen trade connectivity between Asia and Africa. The understanding was reached during a meeting between Federal Minister for Maritime Affairs Muhammad Junaid Anwar Chaudhry and Ethiopian Ambassador Dr Oumer Hussein. Alliance to boost regional trade links The proposed framework aims to create a structured maritime arrangement linking Pakistan, Ethiopia and Djibouti, with the possibility of expanding to other countries in the future. Officials said the initiative is part of Pakistan’s broader push to enhance maritime cooperation with African nations under its “Look Africa” and “Engage Africa” policies. The minister emphasised that stronger maritime connectivity could significantly improve trade flows between Asia and Africa, opening new avenues for exports and logistics cooperation. Djibouti port key for landlocked Ethiopia Despite being a landlocked country, Ethiopia could benefit from improved access to global markets by utilising the Port of Djibouti under the proposed arrangement. Chaudhry noted that such a setup would allow Ethiopia to enhance its trade capacity while strengthening regional economic integration. Both sides agreed to initiate technical consultations, with designated focal persons tasked with developing operational modalities and a practical framework for the alliance. The Ethiopian envoy welcomed Pakistan’s proposal and expressed optimism that cooperation could expand across sectors including pharmaceuticals, textiles, agriculture and food products. Officials indicated that a formal agreement may be signed after the completion of groundwork and expert-level discussions. The move reflects Pakistan’s growing focus on maritime diplomacy and its efforts to position itself as a key trade bridge between Asia and Africa.

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